Ant ville



Oct. 4', 1921.

J. V. FERRY ET AL METHOD 0F UNDERPINNING Filed Auer. 6. 1926 W/ TNE SSES Patented Oct. 4, 1927.

UNITED JAMES VINCENT FERRY, OF ATLANTIC CITY, AND ANTHONY PAUL MILLER,OF LEAS-i.

ANTVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSlGrN ORS T0 JAMES CO., OF ATLANTIC CITY, NEWJERSEY, A CORPORATION Ol NEW JERSEY.

METHOD or UNDERPINNING.

Application lled. August 6, 1926. Serial No. 127,664.,

The present invention in its broader aspects is concerned with theprovision 0I a method oi underpinning which nia'y have a wide range orutility. lviore specli'lcaiiy however, tlieiinvention while capable otapplication in any type or soil, such as clay or coarse sand, nnds itspreierr-ed embodiment in aA method 0I underpinning which is peculiarlysuitable Ioil worlring in nne sand, sucii as beach sand.

W hen making excavations adjacent a Vbuilding whicnis supported on beachsand, it is necessary to underpin the existing building in order toprevent the sand Ii'oln running out under it during the excavation withconsequent settling oi the rooting, both at the exterior and interior oIthe building. VAi'he conventionalk method o1 installing suchunderpinning is to excavate small sections or' sand roin under theoutside rooting, and then lill the excavations with concrete. Ater theseconcrete blocks have set, another section is underpinned in the samemanner, and the process proceeds until the entire section o the buildingto be underpinned is completed. W hen this type ot underpinning is used,it is almost impossible to again excavatev under the underpinningbloclrs, because removal of the sand trom under the blocks will causethem to settle or drop.

We have devised a method which renders it possible .to carry theunderpinning ydown as far as desired in accordance with the depth oir'the proposed excavation. ln a preferred embodiment of the method,anuinber o pilings are tirst installed under the tooting, and the weightof the looting sustained by the pilings. Concrete bloclts are then castunder the footing around the piling so that they are securely locked tothe piling. It is thus possible after the first course ot blocks havebeen laid to eXcava-te under them and install a new course, since theupper course will act as a beam to transmit the weight of the buildingto the pilings, and there is no danger of the upper blocks dropping outor' position, inasmuch as they are hrmly cast to, andinterloclred withthe pilings.

UbJects or the invention are to provide a method o1' underpinning whichmay be expedltiousiy carried out, and which will ai'- l'oi'd a completedstructure Well suited to i'ulli'll its purpose 5 particularly to preventsand irolil running out under the building and causing settling of theinterior footing. with the above noted and other objects in view, theinvention consists in certain novel leatuies ol construction andcombinations and arrangements oi' parts, as will be more rig. Z is avertical sectional View on the line z-Z of Fig. l.

hig. is a longitudinal sectional detail illustrating the tirst step ofthe method which consists in installing a piling below the underpinning.

i lig. et is a View at right angles to Fig. 3, showing a wedge enteredbetween the piling and underpinning to transmit the weight of theunderpinning to the piling.

Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 3, but showing the first concrete blockand the grout in place. v

n the drawings we have used the reference character l0 to indicate abuilding resting upon soil such Aas beach sand. One ot' the outerootings oi' the building has been indicated at l2, and the .presentmethod is concerned with the provision of means for underpinning thefooting in such a manner that excavation work may be carried onimmediately adjacent the building without danger of causing either theouter footing or any of the interior footings to settle.

The first step of the method consists of digging a small hole indicatedat 13 in 3 and l adjacent the footings, and carrying this excavationinwardly until a small portion of the footing is undermined. The nextstep consists in installing a concrete piling 14k through the workingexcavation 13. This step of installing the piling presents a problem initself. 4lt is almost impossible to jack pipe in line sand, and ifjetting is re- Sorted to, to assist the sinking of a steel cylinder,there is great danger' of undermiin ing or settling the building. Wepreferably install our piling therefore, by the simple expedient ofusing a post hole digger op erated from a flexible cable to drill a vertical shaft downwardly from the bottom o1 the excavation 13. A steelshell, such as 15 is then areferably, but not necessarily insert .ed inthe shaft, this shell of course being of sectional shape, and beingentered one sec` tion after another until it is built up nearly to thefooting. f

The shell 15 may be of any desired cross sectional shape, and serves atwo-fold pur pose, ln the first place it acts as a reinforcing agent toassure that no sand will be mixed with the concrete when the concrete ispoured into the top of the shell. In the second place it acts as a.substantial reinforcement for the concrete piling. It is to beunderstood of course that the shell is used only where -the load to becarried is great, or where' the soil is of such a nat-ure as to demandits use. 1f desired, mushroom pilings of the character disclosed in ourprior Patent No. 1,593,445, of July 20, 1925, might be used. i

After the shaft or the casing, as the case may be, has been filled withconcrete, and has set suliiciently, the load of the footing istransferred to the piling by the use of wedges or jacks. llVe have showna wedge 16 in position, this wedge being driven in to refusal.

The next step is to fill the excavation 13 or a concrete mould which maybe placed in the excavation with concrete up to witl'iin a few inches ofthe bottom of the footing. After the concrete has set sufficiently, theremaining space between the top of the concrete block and the bottom ofthe footing is packed with a stiff gront- 17 of'cernent mortar or othersuitable material.

`The concrete which placed in theV er:- cavation 13 completely surroundsthe piling 14 and interloclts therewith. The saine method is carried ontin installing` the remainder of the pilings lil, preferably alternatepilings being` first installed, and then the interspaces between thealternate cen'ient blocks 18 being provided with pilings and filled in.

After the first course, consisting of the blocks 18 has been completed,there will be a substantially beamlilte structure consisting ofinterlocking concrete blocks and pilings, and we may readily cxcavateunder this course of blocks forl installing a second course of blocks19. A third course of blocks 20 may also be installed if desired, itbeing understood that the underpinning may be carried down to anydesireddepth.

lt will be noted that the 'pilings if used alone, would not effectivelyprevent the sand from running ont underv the. llllildllg` bQQWQGD themwhen an adjacent excavation was made. The concrete wall however, Whh isformed by the courses of blocks 18, 19 and'Z() effectively dams the sandunder the building, and prevents the possibility of any settling ol'interior footings.

'llie particular number or arrangement of the pilings, blocks, andcourses of blocks, is subject to a'wide range of variation, and dependsentirely upon the particular job in hand. ilhe pilings maybe arrangedinrows or pairs or staggered as desired. The blocks are preferablycorbelled, or staggered rela,A tively to superadjacentand subj acentblocks, and the ends ofthe courses may beA corbelled if' desired. f

ln the event that the underpinning is to method or in the particularconstruction of the completed underpinning without `departing from thespirit and scope of the appended claims. 1

We claim: Y y n 1. A method of under-pinning Vbuildings which includesthe steps 0f placing a series of concrete pilings beneath the footing ofthe building to beV underpinned, transform ing the weight of thebuilding to the pilngs, casting concrete blocks toy the upper ends ofthe pilings and to each-other to produce a beam-,like series of4interlocked Yconcrete blocks, then excavating under hGJlQlOClS andcasting arsubadjacent. series of bloclgs to the pilings. ,Y

2. method of underpinning a building which includes the ,steps offorming an excavation which partially undermines the footing of thebuilding,r Sinking a piling through said excavation. transferring theweight of the l'niilding tothe piling and casting` a concrete blockaroundl the upper end of the piling, subsequently similarly sinkingadditional pilings and casting vadditional blocks until a completecourse of blocks has been formed under the footing7 then excavatingunder the first course of blocks and introducing aseeond subadjacentcourse.

3. A method of underpinning buildings which includes the steps ofsupporting the footing of a building on a series of pilings and buildinga cement wall downwardly from the tops of the pilings by blocks cast toand interlocked with the pilings.

4. A method of underpinning buildings in beach sand which includes thesteps of sinking a series of concrete pilings beneath the buildingfooting and building an underpinning wall downwardly from the tops ofthe pilings to prevent sand from running out from under the buildingbetween the pilings when an adjacent excavation is formed.

JAMES VINCENT FERRY. ANTHGNY PAUL MILLER.

